{
 "title": "U.S. Table of Authorities rules dataset",
 "publisher": "BriefAuthority (briefauthority.com)",
 "version": "2026-09",
 "last_verified": "2026-09-24",
 "license": "CC BY 4.0 — cite \"BriefAuthority TOA rules dataset\"",
 "notes": "Compiled from official court rules; see each source_url. Not legal advice; rules change — check the source before filing.",
 "fields": [
  "jurisdiction",
  "level",
  "rule",
  "term",
  "passim",
  "counts_toward_limit",
  "asterisks",
  "notes",
  "source_url",
  "last_verified"
 ],
 "rows": [
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Supreme Court of the United States",
   "level": "U.S. Supreme Court",
   "rule": "Rules 14.1(c), 24.1(c), 34.2",
   "term": "table of cited authorities",
   "passim": "Prohibited (Rule 34.2; added eff. Jan 1, 2023; kept in rules eff. Mar 16, 2026)",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (Rules 33.1(d), 33.2(b))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "Tables required above 1,500 words (booklet) or 5 pages (8½×11); categories: cases, constitutional provisions, statutes, treatises, other materials",
   "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/filingandrules/rules_guidance.aspx",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "California",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(A)",
   "term": "Table of authorities (separate lists by type)",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (rule 8.204(c)(3))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://courts.ca.gov/cms/rules/index.cfm?title=eight&linkid=rule8_204",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Texas",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(c); 38.2(a)(1)",
   "term": "Index of authorities",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (TRAP 9.4(i)(1))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.txcourts.gov/media/1459705/249096.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Florida",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Fla. R. App. P. 9.210(b)(2)",
   "term": "Table of citations",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (9.210(a)(2)(E))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www-media.floridabar.org/uploads/2026/09/Appellate-Court-Rules-09-01-26.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "New York (Appellate Division)",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "22 NYCRR 1250.8(b)(2)",
   "term": "Table of cases, statutes and other authorities (“table of citations” in the length rule)",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (1250.8(f)(2))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.nycourts.gov/courts/ad1/Practice&Procedures/rules.shtml",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Ill. S. Ct. R. 341(h)(1)",
   "term": "Points and Authorities (by argument heading)",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (Rule 341(b)(1))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://ilcourtsaudio.blob.core.windows.net/antilles-resources/resources/7ae8a196-2a43-4484-9666-43098da60282/S_Ct_Rules_full.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Pa.R.A.P. 2174(b)",
   "term": "Table of citations",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (Pa.R.A.P. 2135(b))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/210/chapter21/s2174.html",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Ohio",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Ohio App.R. 16(A)(2)",
   "term": "Table of cases, statutes, and other authorities",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (App.R. 19(A)); districts may set other limits",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/docs/LegalResources/Rules/appellate/AppellateProcedure.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Georgia",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Ga. Sup. Ct. R. 19(1)(a); Ga. Ct. App. R. 25(a)(1)",
   "term": "Table of cited authorities (“table of citations” in the length rules)",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (Sup. Ct. R. 20(6); Ct. App. R. 24(f)(3))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.gasupreme.us/rules/",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "North Carolina",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "N.C. R. App. P. 26(g)(2); 28(b)(1)",
   "term": "Table of authorities (appendix heading: table of cases and authorities)",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (Rule 28(j)(1), Court of Appeals)",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.nccourts.gov/assets/inline-files/North%20Carolina%20Rules%20of%20Appellate%20Procedure%20-%20Codified%202%20September%202025.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Michigan",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "MCR 7.212(C)(3)",
   "term": "Index of authorities",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (MCR 7.212(B)(2) counts only (C)(6)-(8))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.courts.michigan.gov/siteassets/rules-instructions-administrative-orders/michigan-court-rules/michigan-court-rules.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "New Jersey",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "N.J. Ct. R. 2:6-2(a)(3) (formal briefs)",
   "term": "Table of citations",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (R. 2:6-7)",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.njcourts.gov/sites/default/files/forms/10836_cklist_brief.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Virginia",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Va. Sup. Ct. R. 5:27(a); 5A:20(a)",
   "term": "Table of authorities",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (Rules 5:26(b), 5A:19(a))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.vacourts.gov/static/courts/scv/rulesofcourt.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Washington",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "RAP 10.3(a)(2)",
   "term": "Table of cases, statutes and other authorities (“table of authorities” in RAP 18.17)",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (RAP 18.17(c))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.courts.wa.gov/court_rules/pdf/RAP/APP_RAP_10_03_00.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Arizona",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "ARCAP 13(a)(2)",
   "term": "Table of citations",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (ARCAP 4(b)(9))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://govt.westlaw.com/azrules/Document/N72F849A1B0BC11F092E0B31F73371C51?viewType=FullText",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Massachusetts",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "Mass. R. A. P. 16(a)(4)",
   "term": "Table of authorities",
   "passim": "Rule is silent (but requires “each page on which it is cited”)",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (Rule 20(a)(2)(D) counts only 16(a)(5)-(11))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/rules-of-appellate-procedure/appellate-procedure-rule-16-briefs",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Colorado",
   "level": "state appellate",
   "rule": "C.A.R. 28(a)(3)",
   "term": "Table of authorities",
   "passim": "Rule is silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (C.A.R. 28(g)(1))",
   "asterisks": "",
   "notes": "",
   "source_url": "https://www.coloradojudicial.gov/sites/default/files/2023-06/Rule_Change_2015-06.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "1st Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "None beyond FRAP 28. L.R. 28.0 adds a required addendum, which must begin with its own table of contents.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "L.R. 28.0 addendum (decision appealed from) bound at the rear of the appellant's brief",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/sites/ca1/files/rulebook.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "2d Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "None beyond FRAP 28 (L.R. 28.1 covers form and the statement of the case). L.R. 32.1(a)(3): pages must be sequentially numbered and the PDF's page field must match.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "14,000-word principal brief (L.R. 32.1(a)(4)); summary orders cited with “(summary order)” (L.R. 32.1.1(c))",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/clerk/case_filing/rules/pdf/LRs_IOCs_appendices_rev_2024.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "3d Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "None beyond FRAP 28.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "L.A.R. 28.3(a) prescribes the reporters to cite in the argument; L.A.R. 28.1(a)(1) requires appendix page cites showing where each issue was raised",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca3.uscourts.gov/sites/ca3/files/2011_LAR_Final.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "4th Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "None beyond FRAP 28.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "L.R. 28(b): only FRAP 28(f) and 32.1(b) material may go in an addendum without leave",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/docs/pdfs/rules.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "5th Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "5th Cir. R. 28.3 fixes the order: certificate of interested persons, oral-argument statement, table of contents, then table of authorities.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "Certificate of interested persons does not count toward length (5th Cir. R. 32.2); clerk's brief checklist published",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/docs/C9B3642D-BBBF-4D20-859C-C5B0875D75E8/federalrulesofappellateprocedure",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "6th Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "None beyond FRAP 28. The clerk's Briefs Checklist restates FRAP 28(a)(3).",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "Record cites must use the district court “Page ID #” (6 Cir. R. 28(a)(1))",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/sites/ca6/files/documents/rules_procedures/Full%20Rules%20w%20FRAP_0.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "7th Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "None beyond FRAP 28 for briefs. Cir. R. 40(a) requires a table of cases, statutes and other authorities in a petition for rehearing.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "12-point type allowed (Cir. R. 32(b)); 14,000-word principal brief (Cir. R. 32(c))",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/assets/pdf/rules.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "8th Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "None beyond FRAP 28.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "A one-page summary of the case must be the first item in the brief; each issue must list up to 4 most apposite cases (8th Cir. R. 28A(i))",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca8.uscourts.gov/sites/ca8/files/Eighth%20Circuit%20Local%20Rules%206.17.24.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "9th Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "Cir. R. 28-1(a): every counseled brief, including supplemental briefs, must contain a table of authorities under FRAP 28 unless the court allows a letter brief.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Discouraged by the court's Shell Brief (“Avoid use of passim unless the authority appears on nearly every page”); no rule",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules or Shell Brief",
   "notes": "Pro se appellants may use the court's informal brief forms (Cir. R. 28-1(d))",
   "source_url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/rules/frap.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "10th Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "10th Cir. R. 28.3(C) bars passim. 28.2(C)(3): the first brief's related-appeals statement goes at the end of the Table of Authorities; a glossary follows it (28.2(C)(4)).",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Prohibited",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "Related-cases list sits inside the TOA",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/sites/ca10/files/clerk/2026Rules.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "11th Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "11th Cir. R. 28-1(d): the “Table of Citations” must show every page and carry asterisks for the citations the party primarily relies on.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Prohibited",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "Required",
   "notes": "Table must be double-spaced (11th Cir. R. 32-3)",
   "source_url": "https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/courtdocs/clk/Rules%20Bookmarked.AUG26.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "D.C. Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "D.C. Cir. R. 28(a)(2): asterisks optional, every page required; glossary follows the table (28(a)(3)).",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Prohibited",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "Optional, with the notation “Authorities upon which we chiefly rely are marked with asterisks.”",
   "notes": "The asterisk convention started here",
   "source_url": "https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/sites/cadc/files/rules-RulesFRAP20251204.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Fed. Cir.",
   "level": "federal court of appeals",
   "rule": "Fed. Cir. R. 28(a): certificate of interest, table of contents, table of authorities, then statement of related cases.",
   "term": "table of authorities (FRAP 28(a)(3); FRAP 32(f) says \"table of citations\")",
   "passim": "Silent now; a proposed Fed. Cir. R. 32(j) would restrict passim from Dec. 1, 2026 if adopted",
   "counts_toward_limit": "No (FRAP 32(f))",
   "asterisks": "None in rules",
   "notes": "Watch the 2026 amendment",
   "source_url": "https://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/wp-content/uploads/RulesProceduresAndForms/FederalCircuitRules/FederalCircuitRulesofPractice.pdf",
   "last_verified": "2026-09-24"
  }
 ]
}